Anti-shake apparatus

ABSTRACT

An anti-shake apparatus for photographing apparatus comprises an angular velocity sensor and a controller. The angular velocity sensor detects an angular velocity. The controller controls the angular velocity sensor and performs an anti-shake operation on the basis of an output signal from the angular velocity sensor. The sensitivity in the anti-shake operation is set to low when it is determined that the photographing apparatus is fixed to a fixing apparatus compared to when it is determined that the photographing apparatus is not fixed to the fixing apparatus.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an anti-shake apparatus for a photographing apparatus, and in particular to performing the anti-shake operation correctly, even if the photographing apparatus is fixed to a fixing apparatus such as a tripod etc.

2. Description of the Related Art

An anti-shake apparatus for a photographing apparatus is proposed. The anti-shake apparatus corrects for hand-shake effect by moving a hand-shake correcting lens or an imaging device in a plane that is perpendicular to the optical axis, corresponding to the amount of hand-shake which occurs during the imaging process.

Japanese unexamined patent publication (KOKAI) No. 2006-84540 discloses an anti-shake apparatus that detects whether the photographing apparatus is fixed to a tripod and does not perform the anti-shake operation when it is determined that the photographing apparatus is fixed to the tripod.

However, when the photographing apparatus is fixed to the fixing apparatus such as a tripod etc., an oscillatory shock that does not tend to occur in a holding state increases and adversely influences the anti-shake operation. In the publication described above, because the anti-shake operation is not performed when the photographing apparatus is fixed to the fixing apparatus, this adverse effect does not occur. However, because the anti-shake operation is not performed, hand-shake effect is not corrected.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an anti-shake apparatus (an image stabilizing apparatus) that correctly performs the anti-shake operation even if the photographing apparatus is fixed to the fixing apparatus.

According to the present invention, anti-shake apparatus for image stabilizing of photographing apparatus comprises an angular velocity sensor and a controller. The angular velocity sensor detects an angular velocity. The controller controls the angular velocity sensor and performs an anti-shake operation on the basis of an output signal from the angular velocity sensor. The sensitivity in the anti-shake operation is set to low when it is determined that the photographing apparatus is fixed to a fixing apparatus, compared to when it is determined that the photographing apparatus is not fixed to the fixing apparatus.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The objects and advantages of the present invention will be better understood from the following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective rear view of the embodiment of the photographing apparatus viewed from the back side;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the photographing apparatus;

FIG. 3 is a circuit construction diagram of the photographing apparatus;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart that shows the main operation of the photographing apparatus;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart that shows the detail of the interruption process of the timer;

FIG. 6 is a figure that shows calculations in the anti-shake operation; and

FIG. 7 is a flowchart that shows the detail of the tripod-detection operation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention is described below with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawings. In the embodiment, the photographing apparatus 1 is a digital single-reflex camera. A camera lens 67 of the photographing apparatus 1 has an optical axis LX. However, the photographing apparatus 1 may be another type of digital camera.

In order to explain the direction in the embodiment, a first direction x, a second direction y, and a third direction z are defined (see FIG. 1). The first direction x is a direction which is perpendicular to the optical axis LX. The second direction y is a direction which is perpendicular to the optical axis LX and the first direction x. The third direction z is a direction which is parallel to the optical axis LX and perpendicular to both the first direction x and the second direction y.

The imaging part of the photographing apparatus 1 comprises a PON button 11, a PON switch 11 a, a photometric switch 12 a, a release button 13, a release switch 13 a, an anti-shake button 14, an anti-shake switch 14 a, an optical finder 15, a finder display 15 a, an indicating unit 17 such as an LCD monitor etc., a mirror-aperture-shutter unit 18, a DSP 19, a CPU 21, an AE (automatic exposure) unit 23, an AF (automatic focus) unit 24, an imaging unit 39 a in the anti-shake unit 30, and a camera lens 67 (see FIGS. 1, 2, and 3).

Whether the PON switch 11 a is in the ON state or the OFF state, is determined by the state of the PON button 11, so that the ON/OFF states of the photographing apparatus 1 correspond to the ON/OFF states of the PON switch 11 a.

The photographic subject image is captured as an optical image through the camera lens 67 by the imaging unit 39 a, and the captured image is displayed on the indicating unit 17. The photographic subject image can be optically observed by the optical finder 15.

When the release button 13 is partially depressed by the operator, the photometric switch 12 a changes to the ON state so that the photometric operation, the AF sensing operation, and the focusing operation are performed.

When the release button 13 is fully depressed by the operator, the release switch 13 a changes to the ON state so that the imaging operation by the imaging unit 39 a (the imaging apparatus) is performed, and the image, which is captured, is stored.

In the embodiment, the anti-shake operation is performed from the point when the release switch 13 a is set to the ON state, to the point when the release sequence operation is finished.

The finder display 15 a is connected to port P8, and is indicated in the optical finder 15. The finder display 15 a has a photographing subject display area, an anti-shake operation state display area, and a photographing operation state display area (not depicted).

The photographing subject display area is an indicating area upon which the photographing subject is projected.

The anti-shake operation state display area is an indicating area upon which the symbol of a human hand (the anti-shake operation state display mark) is displayed in the ON state, but not displayed in the OFF state, to indicate whether or not the anti-shake operation is in effect. When an anti-shake parameter IS is set to 1, the anti-shake operation is in effect and the anti-shake operation state display mark is indicated. When the anti-shake parameter IS is set to 0, the anti-shake operation is not in effect and the anti-shake operation state display mark is not indicated.

The photographing operation state display area is an indicating area upon which various settings of the operating state of the photographing apparatus 1, such as shutter speed, aperture value, etc., are indicated.

In this embodiment, the anti-shake operation state display mark is indicated on the finder display 15 a in the optical finder 15, however, it may also be indicated on the indicating unit 17. Further, whether the anti-shake operation state is in the ON state or OFF state may be announced by sound.

The mirror-aperture-shutter unit 18 is connected to port P7 of the CPU 21 and performs an UP/DOWN operation of a mirror 18 a (a mirror-up operation and a mirror-down operation), an OPEN/CLOSE operation of the aperture, and an OPEN/CLOSE operation of a shutter 18 b corresponding to the ON state of the release switch 13 a.

While the mirror-up operation of the mirror 18 a is performed, or while the mirror up switch (not depicted) is set to the ON state so that the movement of the front curtain of the shutter 18 b is performed, a front curtain movement signal (not depicted) is set to the ON state.

The DSP 19 is connected to port P9 of the CPU 21, and it is connected to the imaging unit 39 a. Based on a command from the CPU 21, the DSP 19 performs the calculation operations, such as the image processing operation etc., on the image signal obtained by the imaging operation of the imaging unit 39 a.

The CPU 21 is a control apparatus that controls each part of the photographing apparatus 1 regarding the imaging operation and the anti-shake operation (i.e. the image stabilizing operation). The anti-shake operation includes both the movement of the movable unit 30 a and position-detection efforts.

Further, the CPU 21 stores a value of the anti-shake parameter IS that determines whether the photographing apparatus 1 is in the anti-shake mode or not, a value of a tripod-detection parameter TD, an angular velocity reference level LVL, and a value of a release state parameter RP.

The value of the release state parameter RP changes with respect to the release sequence operation. When the release sequence operation is performed, the value of the release state parameter RP is set to 1 (see steps S23 to S31 in FIG. 4), and when the release sequence operation is finished, the value of the release state parameter RP is set (reset) to 0 (see steps S13 and S31 in FIG. 4).

The value of the tripod-detection parameter TD changes with respect to whether the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on a tripod, or not. When the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on the tripod, the value of the tripod-detection parameter TD is set to 1 (see step S14 in FIG. 14), otherwise the value of the tripod-detection parameter TD is set to 0 (see steps S75 and S77 in FIG. 7).

The determination of whether the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on the tripod or not is performed based on the determination of whether one of the first and second digital angular velocities VVx_(n) and VVy_(n) is greater than the angular velocity reference level LVL.

Specifically, when one of the first and second digital angular velocities VVx_(n) and VVy_(n) is greater than the angular velocity reference level LVL, it is determined that the photographing apparatus 1 is not installed on the tripod, and the value of the tripod-detection parameter TD is set to 0. Otherwise, or when both the first and second digital angular velocities VVx_(n) and VVy_(n) are not greater than the angular velocity reference level LVL, it is determined that the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on the tripod, and the value of the tripod-detection parameter TD is set to 1.

The tripod-detection operation that determines whether the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on the tripod is performed with every interruption process which occurs at a predetermined time interval of 1 ms, under a predetermined condition. The predetermined condition is during a time period except for when an oscillation based on the movement of the camera lens 67 travels to the first and second angular velocity sensors 26 a and 26 b, at which time the tripod-detection operation cannot be performed correctly.

Specifically, during the AF driving operation in the focusing operation for the movement of the camera lens 67 that is described later, the tripod-detection operation is not performed (see steps S71 to S73 in FIG. 7).

The CPU 21 performs the release sequence operation after the release switch 13 a is set to the ON state.

Further, the CPU 21 stores values of a first digital angular velocity signal Vx_(n), a second digital angular velocity signal Vy_(n), a first digital angular velocity VVx_(n), a second digital angular velocity VVy_(n), a digital displacement angle Bx_(n), a second digital displacement angle By_(n), a coordinate of position S_(n) in the first direction x: Sx_(n), a coordinate of position S_(n) in the second direction y: Sy_(n), a first driving force Dx_(n), a second driving force Dy_(n), a coordinate of position P_(n) after A/D conversion in the first direction x: pdx_(n), a coordinate of position P_(n) after A/D conversion in the second direction y: pdy_(n), a first subtraction value ex_(n), a second subtraction value ey_(n), a first proportional coefficient Kx, a second proportional coefficient Ky, a sampling cycle θ of the anti-shake operation, a first integral coefficient Tix, a second integral coefficient Tiy, a first differential coefficient Tdx, and a second differential coefficient Tdy.

The AE unit (an exposure calculating unit) 23 performs the photometric operation and calculates the photometric values, based on the subject being photographed. The AE unit 23 also calculates the aperture value and the time length of the exposure, with respect to the photometric values, both of which are needed for imaging. The AF unit 24 performs the AF sensing operation and the corresponding focusing operation, both of which are needed for imaging. In the focusing operation, the camera lens 67 is re-positioned along the optical axis in the LX direction.

The AF driving operation of the focusing operation has a normal movement that moves the camera lens 67 to the focus position along the optical axis in the LX direction, a reverse braking movement that abruptly decelerates the camera lens 67 near the focus point by driving the camera lens 67 in an opposite direction to the normal movement, and a braking movement that stops the camera lens 67 at the focus point.

The anti-shake part (the anti-shake apparatus) of the photographing apparatus 1 comprises an anti-shake button 14, an anti-shake switch 14 a, a finder display 15 a, an indicating unit 17, a CPU 21, an angular velocity detection unit 25, a driver circuit 29, an anti-shake unit 30, a hall-element signal-processing unit 45 (a magnetic-field change-detecting element), and the camera lens 67.

When the anti-shake button 14 is depressed by the operator, the anti-shake switch 14 a is changed to the ON state so that the anti-shake operation, in which the angular velocity detection unit 25 and the anti-shake unit 30 are driven independently of the other operations which include the photometric operation etc., is carried out for the predetermined time interval. When the anti-shake switch 14 a is in the ON state, in other words in the anti-shake mode, the anti-shake parameter IS is set to 1 (IS=1). When the anti-shake switch 14 a is not in the ON state, in other words in the non-anti-shake mode, the anti-shake parameter IS is set to 0 (IS=0). In the embodiment, the value of the predetermined time interval is set to 1 ms.

The various output commands corresponding to the input signals of these switches are controlled by the CPU 21.

The information regarding whether the photometric switch 12 a is in the ON state or OFF state is input to port P12 of the CPU 21 as a 1-bit digital signal. The information regarding whether the release switch 13 a is in the ON state or OFF state is input to port P13 of the CPU 21 as a 1-bit digital signal. The information regarding whether the anti-shake switch 14 a is in the ON state or OFF state is input to port P14 of the CPU 21 as a 1-bit digital signal.

The AE unit 23 is connected to port P4 of the CPU 21 for inputting and outputting signals. The AF unit 24 is connected to port P5 of the CPU 21 for inputting and outputting signals. The indicating unit 17 is connected to port P6 of the CPU 21 for inputting and outputting signals.

Next, the details of the input and output relationships between the CPU 21 and the angular velocity detection unit 25, the driver circuit 29, the anti-shake unit 30, and the hall-element signal-processing unit 45 are explained.

The angular velocity detection unit 25 has a first angular velocity sensor 26 a, a second angular velocity sensor 26 b, a first high-pass filter circuit 27 a, a second high-pass filter circuit 27 b, a first amplifier 28 a and a second amplifier 28 b.

The first angular velocity sensor 26 a detects the angular velocity of a rotary motion (the yawing) of the photographing apparatus 1 about the axis of the second direction y (the velocity-component in the first direction x of the angular velocity of the photographing apparatus 1). The first angular velocity sensor 26 a is a gyro sensor that detects a yawing angular velocity.

The second angular velocity sensor 26 b detects the angular velocity of a rotary motion (the pitching) of the photographing apparatus 1 about the axis of the first direction x (detects the velocity-component in the second direction y of the angular velocity of the photographing apparatus 1). The second angular velocity sensor 26 b is a gyro sensor that detects a pitching angular velocity.

The first high-pass filter circuit 27 a reduces a low frequency component of the signal output from the first angular velocity sensor 26 a, because the low frequency component of the signal output from the first angular velocity sensor 26 a includes signal elements that are based on a null voltage and a panning-motion, neither of which are related to hand-shake.

The second high-pass filter circuit 27 b reduces a low frequency component of the signal output from the second angular velocity sensor 26 b, because the low frequency component of the signal output from the second angular velocity sensor 26 b includes signal elements that are based on a null voltage and a panning-motion, neither of which are related to hand-shake.

The first amplifier 28 a amplifies a signal regarding the yawing angular velocity, whose low frequency component has been reduced, and outputs the analog signal to the A/D converter A/D 0 of the CPU 21 as a first angular velocity vx.

The second amplifier 28 b amplifies a signal regarding the pitching angular velocity, whose low frequency component has been reduced, and outputs the analog signal to the A/D converter A/D 1 of the CPU 21 as a second angular velocity vy.

The reduction of the low frequency signal component is a two-step process; the primary part of the analog high-pass filter processing operation is performed first by the first and second high-pass filter circuits 27 a and 27 b, followed by the secondary part of the digital high-pass filter processing operation that is performed by the CPU 21.

The cut off frequency of the secondary part of the digital high-pass filter processing operation is higher than that of the primary part of the analog high-pass filter processing operation.

In the digital high-pass filter processing operation, the value of a time constant (a first high-pass filter time constant hx and a second high-pass filter time constant hy) can be easily changed.

The supply of electric power to the CPU 21 and each part of the angular velocity detection unit 25 begins after the PON switch 11 a is set to the ON state (the main power supply is set to the ON state). The calculation of a hand-shake quantity begins after the PON switch 11 a is set to the ON state.

The CPU 21 converts the first angular velocity vx, which is input to the A/D converter A/D 0, to a first digital angular velocity signal Vx_(n) (A/D conversion operation); calculates a first digital angular velocity VVx_(n) by reducing a low frequency component of the first digital angular velocity signal Vx_(n) (the digital high-pass filter processing operation) because the low frequency component of the first digital angular velocity signal Vx_(n) includes signal elements that are based on a null voltage and a panning-motion, neither of which are related to hand-shake; and calculates a hand shake quantity (a hand shake displacement angle: a first digital displacement angle Bx_(n)) by integrating the first digital angular velocity VVx_(n) (the integration processing operation).

Similarly the CPU 21 converts the second angular velocity vy, which is input to the A/D converter A/D 1, to a second digital angular velocity signal Vy_(n) (A/D conversion operation); calculates a second digital angular velocity VVy_(n) by reducing a low frequency component of the second digital angular velocity signal Vy_(n) (the digital high-pass filter processing operation) because the low frequency component of the second digital angular velocity signal Vy_(n) includes signal elements that are based on a null voltage and a panning-motion, neither of which are related to hand-shake; and calculates a hand shake quantity (a hand shake displacement angle: a second digital displacement angle By_(n)) by integrating the second digital angular velocity VVy_(n) (the integration processing operation).

Accordingly, the CPU 21 and the angular velocity detection unit 25 use a function to calculate the hand-shake quantity.

The value “n” is an integer that is greater than 1, and indicates a length of time (ms) from the point when the interruption process of the timer commences, (t=1, and see step S12 in FIG. 4) to the point when the latest anti-shake operation is performed (t=n).

In the digital high-pass filter processing operation regarding the first direction x, the first digital angular velocity VVx_(n) is calculated by dividing the summation of the first digital angular velocity VVx₁ to VVx_(n-1) calculated by the interruption process of the timer before the 1 ms predetermined time interval (before the latest anti-shake operation is performed), by the first high-pass filter time constant hx, and then subtracting the resulting quotient from the first digital angular velocity signal Vx_(n)(VVx_(n)=Vx_(n)−(ΣVVx_(n-1))÷hx, see (1) in FIG. 6).

In the digital high-pass filter processing operation regarding the second direction y, the second digital angular velocity VVy_(n) is calculated by dividing the summation of the second digital angular velocity VVy_(n) to VVy_(n-1) calculated by the interruption process of the timer before the 1 ms predetermined time interval (before the latest anti-shake operation is performed), by the second high-pass filter time constant hy, and then subtracting the resulting quotient from the second digital angular velocity signal Vy_(n)(VVy_(n)=Vy_(n)−(ΣVVy_(n-1))÷hy).

In the embodiment, the angular velocity detection operation in (portion of) the interruption process of the timer includes a process in the angular velocity detection unit 25 and a process of inputting process of the first and second angular velocities vx and vy from the angular velocity detection unit 25 to the CPU 21.

In the integration processing operation regarding the first direction x, the first digital displacement angle Bx_(n) is calculated by the summation from the first digital angular velocity VVx₁ at the point when the interruption process of the timer commences, t=1, (see step S12 in FIG. 4) to the first digital angular velocity VVx_(n) at the point when the latest anti-shake operation is performed (t=n), (Bx_(n)=ΣVVx_(n), see (3) in FIG. 6).

Similarly, in the integration processing operation regarding the second direction y, the second digital displacement angle By_(n) is calculated by the summation from the second digital angular velocity VVy₁ at the point when the interruption process of the timer commences to the second digital angular velocity VVy_(n) at the point when the latest anti-shake operation is performed (By_(n)=ΣVVy_(n)).

The CPU 21 calculates the position S_(n) where the imaging unit 39 a (the movable unit 30 a) should be moved, corresponding to the hand-shake quantity (the first and second digital displacement angles Bx_(n) and By_(n)) calculated for the first direction x and the second direction y, based on a position conversion coefficient zz (a first position conversion coefficient zx for the first direction x and a second position conversion coefficient zy for the second direction y).

The coordinate of position S_(n) in the first direction x is defined as Sx_(n), and the coordinate of position S_(n) in the second direction y is defined as Sy_(n). The movement of the movable unit 30 a, which includes the imaging unit 39 a, is performed by using electro-magnetic force and is described later.

The driving force D_(n) drives the driver circuit 29 in order to move the movable unit 30 a to the position S_(n). The coordinate of the driving force D_(n) in the first direction x is defined as the first driving force Dx_(n) (after D/A conversion: a first PWM duty dx). The coordinate of the driving force D_(n) in the second direction y is defined as the second driving force Dy_(n) (after D/A conversion: a second PWM duty dy).

In a positioning operation regarding the first direction x, the coordinate of position S_(n) in the first direction x is defined as Sx_(n), and is the product of the latest first digital displacement angle Bx_(n) and the first position conversion coefficient zx (Sx_(n)=zx×Bx_(n), see (3) in FIG. 6).

In a positioning operation regarding the second direction y, the coordinate of position S_(n) in the second direction y is defined as Sy_(n), and is the product of the latest second digital displacement angle By_(n) and the second position conversion coefficient zy (Sy_(n)=zy×By_(n)).

The first and second position conversion coefficients zx and zy are variable. When the value of the tripod-detection parameter TD is set to 0, the first and second position conversion coefficients zx and zy are set to a position conversion fixed value ZIN (see step S58 in FIG. 5). When the value of the tripod-detection parameter TD is set to 1, the first and second position conversion coefficients zx and zy are set to a product of the position conversion fixed value ZIN and 0.1 (see step S57 in FIG. 5), so that sensitivity in the anti-shake operation is set to low (the range of hand-shake quantity that is detected in the anti-shake operation is set to narrow) compared to when the value of the tripod-detection parameter TD is set to 0.

The values of the first position conversion coefficient zx, the second position conversion coefficient zy and the position conversion fixed value ZIN are stored in the CPU 21.

The position conversion fixed value ZIN corresponds to the type of lens and is stored in the lens ROM of the camera lens 67. The camera lens 67 is connected to port P10 of the CPU 21. The position conversion fixed value ZIN is obtained by the lens communication operation between the CPU 21 and the camera lens 67, and read from the camera lens 67 by the CPU 21 (see step S21 in FIG. 4).

When the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on (fixed to) the tripod, the hand-shake quantity is less than that which occurs in the holding state when the operator is holding the photographing apparatus 1 in hand, however, an oscillatory shock that does not tend to occur in the holding state increases. This oscillatory shock cannot be reduced by the anti-shake operation of the anti-shake unit 30 in the same way as the holding state.

In the embodiment, when the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on the tripod, the sensitivity of the anti-shake operation is set to low compared to in the holding state, so it becomes less likely to detect the oscillatory shock as hand-shake, and so the anti-shake operation can be performed correctly even if the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on the tripod.

Further, in the embodiment, the anti-shake operation is performed, under the condition where the sensitivity in the anti-shake operation is set to low, even if the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on the tripod. Therefore, an image signal with a reduced hand-shake component can be obtained compared to when the anti-shake operation is not performed.

The anti-shake unit 30 is an apparatus that corrects for hand-shake effect by moving the imaging unit 39 a to the position S_(n), by canceling the lag of the photographing subject image on the imaging surface of the imaging device of the imaging unit 39 a, and by stabilizing the photographing subject image displayed on the imaging surface of the imaging device, during the exposure time and when the anti-shake operation is performed (IS=1).

The anti-shake unit 30 has a fixed unit 30 b, and a movable unit 30 a which includes the imaging unit 39 a and can be moved about on the xy plane.

During the exposure time when the anti-shake operation is not performed (IS=0), the movable unit 30 a is fixed to (held at) a predetermined position. In the embodiment, the predetermined position is at the center of the range of movement.

The anti-shake unit 30 does not have a fixed-positioning mechanism that maintains the movable unit 30 a in a fixed position when the movable unit 30 a is not being driven (drive OFF state).

The driving of the movable unit 30 a of the anti-shake unit 30, including movement to a predetermined fixed (held) position, is performed by the electro-magnetic force of the coil unit for driving and the magnetic unit for driving, through the driver circuit 29 which has the first PWM duty dx input from the PWM 0 of the CPU 21 and has the second PWM duty dy input from the PWM 1 of the CPU 21 (see (5) in FIG. 6).

The detected-position P_(n) of the movable unit 30 a, either before or after the movement effected by the driver circuit 29, is detected by the hall element unit 44 a and the hall-element signal-processing unit 45.

Information regarding the first coordinate of the detected-position P_(n) in the first direction x, in other words a first detected-position signal px, is input to the A/D converter A/D 2 of the CPU 21 (see (2) in FIG. 6). The first detected-position signal px is an analog signal that is converted to a digital signal by the A/D converter A/D 2 (A/D conversion operation). The first coordinate of the detected-position P_(n) in the first direction x, after the A/D conversion operation, is defined as pdx_(n) and corresponds to the first detected-position signal px.

Information regarding the second coordinate of the detected-position P_(n) in the second direction y, in other words a second detected-position signal py, is input to the A/D converter A/D 3 of the CPU 21. The second detected-position signal py is an analog signal that is converted to a digital signal by the A/D converter A/D 3 (A/D conversion operation). The second coordinate of the detected-position P_(n) in the second direction y, after the A/D conversion operation, is defined as pdy_(n) and corresponds to the second detected-position signal py.

The PID (Proportional Integral Differential) control calculates the first and second driving forces Dx_(n) and Dy_(n) on the basis of the coordinate data for the detected-position P_(n) (pdx_(n), pdy_(n)) and the position S_(n) (Sx_(n), Sy_(n)) following movement.

The calculation of the first driving force Dx_(n) is based on the first subtraction value ex_(n), the first proportional coefficient Kx, the sampling cycle θ, the first integral coefficient Tix, and the first differential coefficient Tdx (Dx_(n)=Kx×{ex_(n)+θ÷Tix×Σex_(n)+Tdx÷θ×(ex_(n)−ex_(n-1))} see (4) in FIG. 6). The first subtraction value ex_(n) is calculated by subtracting the first coordinate of the detected-position P_(n) in the first direction x after the A/D conversion operation, pdx_(n), from the coordinate of position S_(n) in the first direction x, Sx_(n) (ex_(n)=Sx_(n)−pdx_(n)).

The calculation of the second driving force Dy_(n) is based on the second subtraction value ey_(n), the second proportional coefficient Ky, the sampling cycle θ, the second integral coefficient Tiy, and the second differential coefficient Tdy (Dy_(n)=Ky×{ey_(n)+θ÷Tiy×Σey_(n)+Tdy÷θ×(ey_(n)−ey_(n-1))}). The second subtraction value ey_(n) is calculated by subtracting the second coordinate of the detected-position P_(n) in the second direction y after the A/D conversion operation, pdy_(n), from the coordinate of position S_(n) in the second direction y, Sy_(n)(ey_(n)=Sy_(n)−pdy_(n)).

The value of the sampling cycle θ is set to a predetermined time interval of 1 ms.

Driving the movable unit 30 a to the position S_(n), (Sx_(n), Sy_(n)) corresponding to the anti-shake operation of the PID control, is performed when the photographing apparatus 1 is in the anti-shake mode (IS=1) where the anti-shake switch 14 a is set to the ON state.

When the anti-shake parameter IS is 0, the PID control that does not correspond to the anti-shake operation is performed so that the movable unit 30 a is moved to the center of the range of movement (the predetermined position).

The movable unit 30 a has a coil unit for driving that is comprised of a first driving coil 31 a and a second driving coil 32 a, an imaging unit 39 a that has the imaging device, and a hall element unit 44 a as a magnetic-field change-detecting element unit. In the embodiment, the imaging device is a CCD; however, the imaging device may be another imaging device such as a CMOS etc.

The fixed unit 30 b has a magnetic unit for driving that is comprised of a first position-detecting and driving magnet 411 b, a second position-detecting and driving magnet 412 b, a first position-detecting and driving yoke 431 b, and a second position-detecting and driving yoke 432 b.

The fixed unit 30 b movably supports the movable unit 30 a in the first direction x and in the second direction y.

When the center area of the imaging device is intersected by the optical axis LX of the camera lens 67, the relationship between the position of the movable unit 30 a and the position of the fixed unit 30 b is arranged so that the movable unit 30 a is positioned at the center of its range of movement in both the first direction x and the second direction y, in order to utilize the full size of the imaging range of the imaging device.

A rectangle shape, which is the form of the imaging surface of the imaging device, has two diagonal lines. In the embodiment, the center of the imaging device is at the intersection of these two diagonal lines.

The first driving coil 31 a, the second driving coil 32 a, and the hall element unit 44 a are attached to the movable unit 30 a.

The first driving coil 31 a forms a seat and a spiral shaped coil pattern. The coil pattern of the first driving coil 31 a has lines which are parallel to the second direction y, thus creating the first electro-magnetic force to move the movable unit 30 a that includes the first driving coil 31 a, in the first direction x.

The first electro-magnetic force occurs on the basis of the current direction of the first driving coil 31 a and the magnetic-field direction of the first position-detecting and driving magnet 411 b.

The second driving coil 32 a forms a seat and a spiral shaped coil pattern. The coil pattern of the second driving coil 32 a has lines which are parallel to the first direction x, thus creating the second electro-magnetic force to move the movable unit 30 a that includes the second driving coil 32 a, in the second direction y.

The second electro-magnetic force occurs on the basis of the current direction of the second driving coil 32 a and the magnetic-field direction of the second position-detecting and driving magnet 412 b.

The first and second driving coils 31 a and 32 a are connected to the driver circuit 29, which drives the first and second driving coils 31 a and 32 a, through the flexible circuit board (not depicted). The first PWM duty dx is input to the driver circuit 29 from the PWM 0 of the CPU 21, and the second PWM duty dy is input to the driver circuit 29 from the PWM 1 of the CPU 21. The driver circuit 29 supplies power to the first driving coil 31 a that corresponds to the value of the first PWM duty dx, and to the second driving coil 32 a that corresponds to the value of the second PWM duty dy, to drive the movable unit 30 a.

The first position-detecting and driving magnet 411 b is attached to the movable unit side of the fixed unit 30 b, where the first position-detecting and driving magnet 411 b faces the first driving coil 31 a and the horizontal hall element hh10 in the third direction z.

The second position-detecting and driving magnet 412 b is attached to the movable unit side of the fixed unit 30 b, where the second position-detecting and driving magnet 412 b faces the second driving coil 32 a and the vertical hall element hv10 in the third direction z.

The first position-detecting and driving magnet 411 b is attached to the first position-detecting and driving yoke 431 b, under the condition where the N pole and S pole are arranged in the first direction x. The first position-detecting and driving yoke 431 b is attached to the fixed unit 30 b, on the side of the movable unit 30 a, in the third direction z.

The second position-detecting and driving magnet 412 b is attached to the second position-detecting and driving yoke 432 b, under the condition where the N pole and S pole are arranged in the second direction y. The second position-detecting and driving yoke 432 b is attached to the fixed unit 30 b, on the side of the movable unit 30 a, in the third direction z.

The first and second position-detecting and driving yokes 431 b, 432 b are made of a soft magnetic material.

The first position-detecting and driving yoke 431 b prevents the magnetic-field of the first position-detecting and driving magnet 411 b from dissipating to the surroundings, and raises the magnetic-flux density between the first position-detecting and driving magnet 411 b and the first driving coil 31 a, and between the first position-detecting and driving magnet 411 b and the horizontal hall element hh10.

The second position-detecting and driving yoke 432 b prevents the magnetic-field of the second position-detecting and driving magnet 412 b from dissipating to the surroundings, and raises the magnetic-flux density between the second position-detecting and driving magnet 412 b and the second driving coil 32 a, and between the second position-detecting and driving magnet 412 b and the vertical hall element hv10.

The hall element unit 44 a is a single-axis unit that contains two magnetoelectric converting elements (magnetic-field change-detecting elements) utilizing the Hall Effect to detect the first detected-position signal px and the second detected-position signal py specifying the first coordinate in the first direction x and the second coordinate in the second direction y, respectively, of the present position P_(n) of the movable unit 30 a.

One of the two hall elements is a horizontal hall element hh10 for detecting the first coordinate of the position P_(n) of the movable unit 30 a in the first direction x, and the other is a vertical hall element hv10 for detecting the second coordinate of the position P_(n) of the movable unit 30 a in the second direction y.

The horizontal hall element hh10 is attached to the movable unit 30 a, where the horizontal hall element hh10 faces the first position-detecting and driving magnet 411 b of the fixed unit 30 b in the third direction z.

The vertical hall element hv10 is attached to the movable unit 30 a, where the vertical hall element hv10 faces the second position-detecting and driving magnet 412 b of the fixed unit 30 b in the third direction z.

When the center of the imaging device intersects the optical axis LX, it is desirable to have the horizontal hall element hh10 positioned on the hall element unit 44 a facing an intermediate area between the N pole and S pole of the first position-detecting and driving magnet 411 b in the first direction x, as viewed from the third direction z. In this position, the horizontal hall element hh10 utilizes the maximum range in which an accurate position-detecting operation can be performed based on the linear output-change (linearity) of the single-axis hall element.

Similarly, when the center of the imaging device intersects the optical axis LX, it is desirable to have the vertical hall element hv10 positioned on the hall element unit 44 a facing an intermediate area between the N pole and S pole of the second position-detecting and driving magnet 412 b in the second direction y, as viewed from the third direction z.

The hall-element signal-processing unit 45 has a first hall-element signal-processing circuit 450 and a second hall-element signal-processing circuit 460.

The first hall-element signal-processing circuit 450 detects a horizontal potential-difference x10 between the output terminals of the horizontal hall element hh10 that is based on an output signal of the horizontal hall element hh10.

The first hall-element signal-processing circuit 450 outputs the first detected-position signal px, which specifies the first coordinate of the position P_(n) of the movable unit 30 a in the first direction x, to the A/D converter A/D 2 of the CPU 21, on the basis of the horizontal potential-difference x10.

The second hall-element signal-processing circuit 460 detects a vertical potential-difference y10 between the output terminals of the vertical hall element hv10 that is based on an output signal of the vertical hall element hv10.

The second hall-element signal-processing circuit 460 outputs the second detected-position signal py, which specifies the second coordinate of the position P_(n) of the movable unit 30 a in the second direction y, to the A/D converter A/D 3 of the CPU 21, on the basis of the vertical potential-difference y10.

Next, the main operation of the photographing apparatus 1 in the embodiment is explained by using the flowchart in FIG. 4.

When the photographing apparatus 1 is set to the ON state, the electrical power is supplied to the angular velocity detection unit 25 so that the angular velocity detection unit 25 is set to the ON state in step S11.

In step S12, the interruption process of the timer at the predetermined time interval (1 ms) commences. In step S13, the value of the release state parameter RP is set to 0. The detail of the interruption process of the timer in the embodiment is explained later by using the flowchart in FIG. 5.

In step S14, the value of the tripod-detection parameter TD is set to 1.

In step S15, it is determined whether the photometric switch 12 a is set to the ON state. When it is determined that the photometric switch 12 a is not set to the ON state, the operation returns to step S14 and the process in steps S14 and S15 are repeated. Otherwise, the operation continues on to step S16.

In step S16, it is determined whether the anti-shake switch 14 a is set to the ON state. When it is determined that the anti-shake switch 14 a is not set to the ON state, the value of the anti-shake parameter IS is set to 0 in step S17 and the indication of the anti-shake operation state display mark on the finder display 15 a in the optical finder 15 is set to the OFF state. Otherwise, the value of the anti-shake parameter IS is set to 1 in step S18 and the indication of the anti-shake operation state display mark on the finder display 15 a in the optical finder 15 is set to the ON state.

In the embodiment, even if it is determined that the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on the tripod, the anti-shake operation is performed with a low sensitivity, and the indication of the anti-shake operation state display mark is set to the ON state.

In step S19, the AE sensor of the AE unit 23 is driven, the photometric operation is performed, and the aperture value and exposure time are calculated.

In step S20, the AF sensor and the lens control circuit of the AF unit 24 are driven to perform the AF sensing and focus operations, respectively.

In step S21, the lens information, including the position conversion fixed value ZIN that is stored in the lens ROM in the camera lens 67, is read by the CPU 21.

In step S22, it is determined whether the release switch 13 a is set to the ON state. When the release switch 13 a is not set to the ON state, the operation returns to step S14 and the process in steps S14 to S21 is repeated. Otherwise, the operation continues on to step S23 and then the release sequence operation commences.

In step S23, the value of the release state parameter RP is set to 1.

In step S24, the mirror-up operation of the mirror 18 a and the aperture closing operation corresponding to the aperture value that is either preset or calculated, are performed by the mirror-aperture-shutter unit 18.

After the mirror-up operation is finished, the opening operation of the shutter 18 b (the movement of the front curtain of the shutter 18 b) commences in step S25.

In step S26, the exposure operation, or in other words the electric charge accumulation of the imaging device (CCD etc.), is performed. After the exposure time has elapsed, the closing operation of the shutter 18 b (the movement of the rear curtain in the shutter 18 b), the mirror-down operation of the mirror 18 a, and the opening operation of the aperture are performed by the mirror-aperture-shutter unit 18, in step S27.

In step S28, the electric charge which has accumulated in the imaging device during the exposure time is read. In step S29, the CPU 21 communicates with the DSP 19 so that the image processing operation is performed based on the electric charge read from the imaging device. The image, on which the image processing operation is performed, is stored to the memory in the photographing apparatus 1. In step S30, the image that is stored in the memory is displayed on the indicating unit 17. In step S31, the value of the release state parameter RP is set to 0 so that the release sequence operation is finished, and the operation then returns to step S14, in other words the photographing apparatus 1 is set to a state where the next imaging operation can be performed.

Next, the interruption process of the timer in the embodiment, which commences in step S12 in FIG. 4 and is performed at every predetermined time interval (1 ms) independent of the other operations, is explained by using the flowchart in FIG. 5.

When the interruption process of the timer commences, the first angular velocity vx, which is output from the angular velocity detection unit 25, is input to the A/D converter A/D 0 of the CPU 21 and converted to the first digital angular velocity signal Vx_(n), in step S51. The second angular velocity vy, which is also output from the angular velocity detection unit 25, is input to the A/D converter A/D 1 of the CPU 21 and converted to the second digital angular velocity signal Vy_(n) (the angular velocity detection operation).

The low frequencies of the first and second digital angular velocity signals Vx_(n) and Vy_(n) are reduced in the digital high-pass filter processing operation (the first and second digital angular velocities VVx_(n) and VVy_(n)).

In step S52, it is determined whether the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on the tripod, in other words, the tripod-detection operation is performed. The detail of the tripod-detection operation is explained later by using the flowchart in FIG. 7.

In step S53, it is determined whether the value of the release state parameter RP is set to 1. When it is determined that the value of the release state parameter RP is not set to 1, driving the movable unit 30 a is set to OFF state, or the anti-shake unit 30 is set to a state where the driving control of the movable unit 30 a is not performed in step S54. Otherwise, the operation proceeds directly to step S55.

In step S55, the hall element unit 44 a detects the position of the movable unit 30 a, and the first and second detected-position signals px and py are calculated by the hall-element signal-processing unit 45. The first detected-position signal px is then input to the A/D converter A/D 2 of the CPU 21 and converted to a digital signal pdx_(n), whereas the second detected-position signal py is input to the A/D converter A/D 3 of the CPU 21 and also converted to a digital signal pdy_(n), both of which thus determine the present position P_(n) (pdx_(n), pdy_(n)) of the movable unit 30 a.

In step S56, it is determined whether the value of the tripod-detection parameter TD is set to 1. When it is determined that the value of the tripod-detection parameter TD is set to 1, the first and second position conversion coefficients zx and zy are set to the product of the position conversion fixed value ZIN and 0.1 in step S57. Otherwise, the first and second position conversion coefficients zx and zy are set to the position conversion fixed value ZIN, in step S58.

In step S59, it is determined whether the value of the anti-shake parameter IS is 0. When it is determined that the value of the anti-shake parameter IS is 0 (IS=0), in other words when the photographing apparatus is not in anti-shake mode, the position S_(n) (Sx_(n), Sy_(n)) where the movable unit 30 a (the imaging unit 39 a) should be moved is set at the center of the range of movement of the movable unit 30 a, in step S60. When it is determined that the value of the anti-shake parameter IS is not 0 (IS=1), in other words when the photographing apparatus is in anti-shake mode, the position S_(n)(Sx_(n), Sy_(n)) where the movable unit 30 a (the imaging unit 39 a) should be moved is calculated on the basis of the first and second angular velocities vx and vy, in step S61.

In step S62, the first driving force Dx_(n) (the first PWM duty dx) and the second driving force Dy_(n) (the second PWM duty dy) of the driving force D_(n), which moves the movable unit 30 a to the position S_(n), are calculated on the basis of the position S_(n) (Sx_(n), Sy_(n)) that was determined in step S60, or step S61, and the present position P_(n) (pdx_(n), pdy_(n)).

In step S63, the first driving coil unit 31 a is driven by applying the first PWM duty dx to the driver circuit 29, and the second driving coil unit 32 a is driven by applying the second PWM duty dy to the driver circuit 29, so that the movable unit 30 a is moved to position S_(n) (Sx_(n), Sy_(n)).

The process of steps S62 and S63 is an automatic control calculation that is used with the PID automatic control for performing general (normal) proportional, integral, and differential calculations.

Next, the detail of the tripod-detection operation of step S52 in FIG. 5 is explained by using the flowchart in FIG. 7. When the tripod-detection operation commences, it is determined whether the normal movement of the AF driving operation, that moves the camera lens 67 to the focus position along the optical axis in the LX direction, is being performed. When it is determined that the normal movement of the AF driving operation is not being performed, the operation continues to step S72; otherwise, the operation (the tripod-detection operation) is finished.

In step S72, it is determined whether the reverse braking movement of the AF driving operation, that abruptly decelerates the camera lens 67 near the focus point by driving the camera lens 67 in an opposite direction to the normal movement, is being performed. When it is determined that the reverse braking movement of the AF driving operation is not being performed, the operation continues to step S73; otherwise, the operation (the tripod-detection operation) is finished.

In step S73, it is determined whether the braking movement of the AF driving operation, that stops the camera lens 67 at the focus point, is being performed. When it is determined that the braking movement of the AF driving operation is not being performed, the operation continues to step S74; otherwise, the operation (the tripod-detection operation) is finished.

In step S74, it is determined whether the absolute value of the first digital angular velocity VVx_(n) is greater than the angular velocity reference level LVL. When it is determined that the absolute value of the first digital angular velocity VVx_(n) is greater than the angular velocity reference level LVL, the operation continues to step S75; otherwise, the operation proceeds directly to step S76. In step S75, the value of the tripod-detection parameter TD is set to 0.

In step S76, it is determined whether the absolute value of the second digital angular velocity VVy_(n) is greater than the angular velocity reference level LVL. When it is determined that the absolute value of the second digital angular velocity VVy_(n) is greater than the angular velocity reference level LVL, the operation continues to step S77; otherwise, the operation (the tripod-detection operation) is finished. In step S77, the value of the tripod-detection parameter TD is set to 0, and the operation (the tripod-detection operation) is finished.

In the embodiment, the tripod-detection operation is performed so that in the case that the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on the tripod, the sensitivity in the anti-shake operation is set to low, as opposed to when the photographing apparatus 1 is not installed on the tripod.

When the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on (fixed to) the tripod, the hand-shake quantity is less than that which occurs in the holding state where the operator is holding the photographing apparatus 1 in their hand; however, an oscillatory shock that does not tend to occur in the holding state increases. This oscillatory shock cannot be reduced by the anti-shake operation of the anti-shake unit 30 in the same way in the holding state.

In the embodiment, when the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on the tripod, the sensitivity of the anti-shake operation is set to low compared to in the holding state, so it becomes less likely to detect the oscillatory shock as hand-shake, and so the anti-shake operation can be performed correctly even if the photographing apparatus 1 is installed on the tripod.

Further, the fixing apparatus that fixes the photographing apparatus 1 is not limited to the tripod.

Further, it is explained that the movable unit 30 a has the imaging device; however, the movable unit 30 a may have a hand-shake correcting lens instead of the imaging device.

Further, it is explained that the hall element is used for position detection as the magnetic-field change-detecting element. However, another detection element, an MI (Magnetic Impedance) sensor such as a high-frequency carrier-type magnetic-field sensor, a magnetic resonance-type magnetic-field detecting element, or an MR (Magneto-Resistance effect) element may be used for position detection purposes. When one of either the MI sensor, the magnetic resonance-type magnetic-field detecting element, or the MR element is used, the information regarding the position of the movable unit can be obtained by detecting the magnetic-field change, similar to using the hall element.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, obviously many modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in this art without departing from the scope of the invention.

The present disclosure relates to subject matter contained in Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-192720 (filed on Jul. 13, 2006), which is expressly incorporated herein by reference, in its entirety. 

1. An anti-shake apparatus for image stabilizing of photographing apparatus, comprising: an angular velocity sensor that detects an angular velocity; and a controller that controls said angular velocity sensor and performs an anti-shake operation on the basis of an output signal from said angular velocity sensor; a sensitivity in said anti-shake operation being set to low when it is determined that said photographing apparatus is fixed to a fixing apparatus compared to when it is determined that said photographing apparatus is not fixed to said fixing apparatus.
 2. The anti-shake apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said sensitivity is set to low by making a position conversion coefficient small; and hand-shake quantity that is used for said anti-shake operation is a product of said output signal from said angular velocity sensor and said position conversion coefficient.
 3. The anti-shake apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a determination of whether said photographing apparatus is fixed to said fixing apparatus is performed based on a determination of whether said output signal from said angular velocity sensor is greater than a predetermined level.
 4. The anti-shake apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said determination of whether said photographing apparatus is fixed to said fixing apparatus is not performed when a lens driving operation that drives a camera lens of said photographing apparatus is being performed.
 5. The anti-shake apparatus according to claim 4, wherein an AF driving operation of the focusing operation of said photographing apparatus of said lens driving operation has a normal movement that moves said camera lens to a focus position along the optical axis, a reverse braking movement that abruptly decelerates said camera lens near said focus point by driving said camera lens in an opposite direction to said normal movement, and a braking movement that stops said camera lens at said focus point.
 6. A photographing apparatus comprising: an angular velocity sensor that detects an angular velocity; and a controller that controls said angular velocity sensor and performs an anti-shake operation for image stabilizing on the basis of an output signal from said angular velocity sensor; a sensitivity in said anti-shake operation being set to low when it is determined that said photographing apparatus is fixed to a fixing apparatus compared to when it is determined that said photographing apparatus is not fixed to said fixing apparatus.
 7. The photographing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said determination of whether said photographing apparatus is fixed to said fixing apparatus is not performed when a lens driving operation that drives a camera lens of said photographing apparatus is being performed.
 8. The photographing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein an AF driving operation of the focusing operation of said photographing apparatus of said lens driving operation has a normal movement that moves said camera lens to a focus position along the optical axis, a reverse braking movement that abruptly decelerates said camera lens near said focus point by driving said camera lens in an opposite direction to said normal movement, and a braking movement that stops said camera lens at said focus point. 